The Role of Criticism in Expressed Emotion Among Psychoactive Substance Users: an Experimental Vignette Study

Expressed emotion (EE) is a rating of criticism, hostility, and emotional over-involvement from carer towards person experiencing mental distress. High EE denotes family stress associated with greater severity substance use. Little known about how perceived by patients history use disorder (SUD). The aim the present study was to investigate among users its association use, schizotypy, depression. Ratings arousal relevance auditory criticism praise depicting EE, self-report measures schizotypy depression were measured in recent SUD, SUD co-occurring disorders (SUD + CMD), non-clinical healthy control subjects. Group differences ratings tested. correlated against Prediction sensitivity criticisms explored groups. Compared subjects, individuals rated as less arousing those CMD more self-relevant. positively group. Age onset significant predictor criticism. History may affect perception negative audio comments stress. This effect be enhanced high traits health status, early age